Vitamin B12 deficiency can develop gradually, and some symptoms are easy to mistake for normal aging or other conditions. It is important because prolonged deficiency can cause potentially irreversible nerve damage.
Warning signs to know
-
Persistent fatigue or weakness
-
Pale skin
-
A sore, red, or smooth tongue
-
Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
-
Burning sensations or reduced sensitivity
-
Balance or walking problems
-
Muscle weakness
-
Memory or concentration difficulties
-
Mood changes, such as irritability or depression
-
Vision problems in more severe cases
Not everyone with B12 deficiency has symptoms, and these signs don’t prove that B12 is the cause.
Who is more likely to become deficient?
Risk is higher with pernicious anemia or other absorption problems, certain gastrointestinal surgeries or diseases, vegan diets without reliable B12 sources, and long-term use of some medicines such as metformin or acid-suppressing drugs.
A blood test can help determine whether you are deficient. Depending on the situation, a clinician may also check methylmalonic acid (MMA) or other tests.
Don’t take very high-dose supplements simply because you have one of these symptoms. Treating the underlying cause and correcting a confirmed deficiency is more important.
If you have new numbness, significant weakness, trouble walking, or rapidly worsening neurological symptoms, seek medical evaluation promptly.
