Night-time leg cramps are common, but recurrent or severe cramps shouldn’t automatically be dismissed. They are sudden, involuntary tightening of a muscle—often in the calf, foot, or thigh—and usually last seconds to several minutes.
Common causes
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Muscle fatigue or prolonged standing/walking
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Dehydration or heavy sweating
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Pregnancy
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Increasing age
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Certain medicines, including some diuretics and cholesterol-lowering medicines
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Less commonly, problems involving nerves, blood circulation, or kidney/metabolic disorders
What to do during a cramp
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Gently stretch the affected muscle. For a calf cramp, straighten your leg and pull your toes toward you.
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Massage the muscle gently.
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Stand up and put some weight on the affected leg if you can do so safely.
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Regular calf and hamstring stretching before bed may reduce recurrent cramps in some people.
When to seek medical advice
Talk to a healthcare professional if cramps are frequent, worsening, disturbing your sleep regularly, or accompanied by weakness, numbness, or swelling. Don’t start potassium, magnesium, or other supplements solely because you have cramps without discussing it with a clinician
