Nighttime leg cramps—sudden, painful muscle tightening, usually in the calf or foot—are common, particularly as people get older. Certain groups are more likely to experience them.
Who is more at risk?
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Older adults: Risk increases with age, partly because muscle and tendon changes can contribute.
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People who are pregnant: Leg cramps are particularly common during pregnancy.
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People who exercise heavily or stand for long periods: Muscle fatigue and prolonged activity can contribute.
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People who become dehydrated: Fluid loss from sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea can increase the likelihood of cramps.
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People taking certain medications: Some diuretics and other medicines can contribute to muscle cramps or electrolyte abnormalities.
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People with certain medical conditions: Peripheral artery disease, nerve disorders, kidney disease, diabetes, and some thyroid problems can be associated with muscle cramps.
What helps?
Gentle calf stretching before bed, regular physical activity, adequate hydration, and avoiding prolonged inactivity may help. During a cramp, gently stretch and massage the affected muscle.
Don’t automatically start magnesium or other electrolyte supplements just because you have cramps—most ordinary nighttime leg cramps aren’t simply caused by magnesium deficiency, and supplements aren’t appropriate for everyone.
Seek medical advice if cramps are frequent, severe, newly developing, associated with leg swelling/weakness/numbness, or consistently affect one leg.
